A discussion of smart materials or devices and in most cases their inherent ability to produce movement need not be limited to lifeless objects.  From a scientific perspective, motion may also be considered an essential manifestation of life.  Although, in a purely physical sense, the ability to generate regular and random motion at will is what sets living beings apart from lifeless objects:

Within this perspective, one may also observe that what sets different beings apart, is the ability (intelligence) by which this motion is directed and controlled through a feedback mechanism (sensing), and the extent to which the means for this motion (i.e. muscle) is developed giving rise to (actuation):

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